employers favor job sharing since it serves to

Displayed here are Job Ads that match your query. Individuals may differ in their reactions to the job characteristics in telecommuting. [15], As of 2012[update], estimates suggest that over fifty million U.S. workers (about 40% of the working population) could work from home at least part of the time,[16] but in 2008 only 2.5 million employees, excluding the self-employed, considered their home to be their primary place of business. If the 40% of the U.S. population that holds telework-compatible jobs and wants to work from home did so half of the time: In the UK, it has been estimated that increasing the numbers of employees working from home could save over 3 million tonnes of carbon pollution each year, in addition to the economic benefits of cutting costs by GBP 3 billion a year for UK employers and employees. This job will not last forever. Integrated knowledge sets within an organization that distinguish it from its competitors and deliver value to customers are known as: 54. 5. The job title is of psychological importance as well as descriptive. Analyzing the elements in a work cycle that make up a particular job activity and determining the time required to complete each element is called: 99. 87. Worker preference – homesourced workers often need or prefer to work from home. 28. 9. Courts have defined business necessity as a practice that is necessary to the safe and efficient operation of an organization. 13. That's meant to incentivize individuals to find a new job and provide financial support until they do. [citation needed] The call center industry is one notable exception: several U.S. call centers employ thousands of home-based workers. The task inventory analysis method was pioneered by Microsoft. In unionized firms, layoffs are only based on performance. Recently, the phenomenon of homework has grown with increased communication technology, as well as changes in supply chains, particularly the development of Just In Time inventory systems. 62. Page 1 of 113 jobs. "All dressed up with no place to go" [Electronic version]. Telecommuting is effective in retaining valued employees. Downsizing is often used by organizations for the planned elimination of jobs. c. the degree to which a job has impact on the work of others. [63], For companies, telecommuting expands the talent pool, reduces the spread of illness, reduces costs including real-estate footprint, increases productivity, reduces their carbon footprint and energy usage, offers a means of complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) and possibly earning a tax credit, if they're American, reduces turnover and absenteeism, improves employee morale, enhances continuity-of-operations strategies, improves their ability to handle business across multiple time zones, and augments their cultural adaptability. Major federal EEO laws have been enacted to prevent discrimination against groups of workers most often affected by unfair employment practices. 1722) with a vote of 290–131. This pressure to produce output, as well as a lack of social support from limited coworker relationships and feelings of isolation, leads to lower job engagement in teleworkers. The first step in choosing an HRIS is for the HR personnel to: a. evaluate the most time-consuming tasks. In the UK between 2007 and 2012, the number of employees who usually work from home increased by 13% - an increase of almost half a million people, taking the total to over 4 million employees out of a UK workforce of 30 million. Indeed ranks Job Ads based on a combination of employer bids and relevance, such as your search terms and other activity on Indeed. Outsourcing refers to employing workers in their homes rather than within the traditional office environment. While unemployment rates vary by sector, the lack of talent in low-skill jobs continues to create a real challenge for firms. Why do employers offer profit-sharing? [13], A person who telecommutes is known as a "telecommuter", "teleworker", and sometimes as a "home-sourced", or "work-at-home" employee. Piece rate, commissions, or other performance-based compensation also become more likely for telecommuters. [103] The drop could also be due to inadequate office setup. [43], Three of the five job attributes: skill variety, task identity, and task significance, influence how much employees think their jobs are meaningful. The result showed that those who telecommuted worked longer hours than those who worked at an office. Adaptive structuration theory studies variations in organizations as new technologies are introduced[58] Adaptive structural theory proposes that structures (general rules and resources offered by the technology) can differ from structuration (how people actually use these rules and resources). 67. Telework centers are offices that are generally set up close to a majority of people who might otherwise drive or take public transit. 40. Inflating a job's responsibilities can occur unintentionally. The situation where team members don't know enough about what others are doing can lead them to make worse decisions or slow down decision-making. Core values are the essence of corporate cultures and an expression of their personality. Educational level is positively related to annual earnings. [dubious – discuss] Chinese citizens also favor the combination of telecommuting and office work due to reason like disturbance at work and increase in flexibility. 123. [12] However, studies also show that autonomy must be balanced with high levels of discipline if a healthy work/leisure balance is to be maintained. [105] Traditional line managers are accustomed to managing by observation and not necessarily by results. As of 2007[update], 10 percent of eligible GSA employees telework, compared to 4.2 percent for the overall Federal workforce. 33. 46. Korte, W. B., "Telework – Potentials, Inceptions, Operations and Likely Future Situations," in W. B. Korte, S. Robinson, and W. J. Steinle (Eds.). Paul's nickname "Dr. No" reflects both his medical degree and his assertion that he will "never vote for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution". 55. [42], The job characteristic dimension, feedback, increases employees' knowledge of results. 76. Telecommuting provides a social structure that enables and constrains certain interactions. [66][67] Half-time telecommuting by those with compatible jobs (40%) and a desire to do so (79%) would save companies, communities, and employees over $650 billion a year; the result of increased productivity, reduced office expense, lower absenteeism and turnover, reduced travel, less road repairs, less gas consumption, and other savings.[68]. In general, many companies are realizing a diminished demand for touch labor and an increasing demand for knowledge work. Homeworkers are often employed in piece work. 49. Human capital is intangible, but can still be managed the way organizations manage jobs, products, and technologies. 58. [90] However, coworker support and virtual social groups for team building had a direct influence on increasing job satisfaction,[74][84] perhaps due to an increase in skill variety from teamwork and an increase in task significance from more working relationships. 50. [38] There are different trends reflected according to the age and sex of workers, when it comes to home-working. An apparel store may not discriminate against a male applying for a job as a fitting room attendant. Coworkers who do not telework can feel resentful and jealous because they may consider it unfair if they are not allowed to telework as well. [95] An isolation from daily activities arise of the company and may be less aware of other things going on to the company and a possible hatred from other employees arises from other employees who do not telecommute. In W. Bornman, D. Ilgen & R. Klimoksi (Eds. 3. Managers of businesses where employees perform many different job tasks must be concerned about writing specific job descriptions because federal guidelines and court decisions require job requirements to be based on valid job-related criteria. [104] Over the long term, though, surveys found that productivity of the teleworker will climb; over two-thirds of employers report increased productivity among telecommuters, according to a 2008 survey. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or age. [118], If all Federal employees who are eligible to telework full-time were to do so, the Federal Government could realize $13.9 billion savings in commuting costs annually and eliminate 21.5 billion pounds (9,800,000 t; 9,600,000 long tons) of pollutants from the environment each year. Which of the following is NOT a primary impact that technology has had on human resources management (HRM)? Title VII of the Civil Rights Act created the: b. [123], On May 24, 2010, the Senate passed the Telework Enhancement Act (S. 707) sponsored by Sens. To accomplish interpersonal exchange in telecommuting, other forms of interaction need to be used. The roots of telecommuting are found in early 1970s technology that linked satellite offices to downtown mainframes through dumb terminals using telephone lines as a network bridge. AST suggests that when technologies are used over time, the rules and resources for social interactions will change. The Griggs case established the principle that statistical disparity among protected class members must be made in comparison to the relevant labor market. 28. A religious organization is excluded from the coverage of the Civil Rights Act. c. are more willing to work flexible hours. body language, tone of voice). The U.S. Senate passed the final version of the legislation by unanimous consent on September 29, 2010 and the House passed it with a bipartisan vote of 254–152 on November 18, 2010. The section of a job description that provides information about the location of the job and the reporting relationships involved is the: 79. [55], Sociotechnical systems (STS) theory explains the interaction between social and technological factors. An organization's core values are the strong enduring beliefs and principles that the company uses as a foundation for its decisions. The process of setting procedures for making decisions about an organization's long-term goals is called: b. the process of anticipating and providing for the movement of people into, within, and out of an organization. A firm's top _____ manager is in a good position to be the chief ethics officer of the firm. Critical incident analysis is an organization-specific list of tasks and their descriptions that are used as a basis to identify components of a job. According to 7-S framework analysis, which of following is NOT in the "Hard S" category? d. Private employers in interstate commerce with less than ten employees. 79. [40] Teleworking provides the freedom to arrange work to avoid family conflicts. 47. 27. The terms "telecommuting" and "telework" were coined by Jack Nilles in 1973. Work at home scams earn their perpetrators more than $500 million per year, and home business scams account for another $250 million per year. Hiring someone outside the company to perform tasks that could be done internally is known as: 55. Evidence from a Chinese experiment", "Survey Finds Salary Is Top Draw for Job Candidates but Benefits Nearly As Popular", "SF Chronicle "Group touts telecommuting's green benefits, "APA Press Release "Telecommuting has Mostly Positive Consequences for Employees and Employers, Say Researchers, "Six Key Advantages and Disadvantages of Working from Home in Europe during COVID-19", "3 Reasons Why Working From Home Can be Unproductive", "Lister, Kate, Undress For Success--The Naked Truth About Making Money at Home, (John Wiley & Sons 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-38332-2) quoting Management-Issues.com (July 30, 2007) survey", "Slow But Steady "Telework Revolution" Eyed", "Telework works: A Compendium of Success Stories", "Advantages and Disadvantages of Telecommuting to Work", Veterans Affairs warns of massive privacy breach, Work-at-home E-mail Scams Target the Vulnerable, https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2006/12/federal-state-law-enforcers-complete-bogus-business-opportunity, "Federal, State Law Enforcers Complete Bogus Business Opportunity Sweep", "Lister, Kate, Undress For Success--The Naked Truth About Making Money at Home, John Wiley & Sons 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-38332-2; also quoted by AARP Bulletin, March 23, 2009", https://www.aicpa.org/press/pressreleases/2020/aicpa-harris-poll-reveals-taxpayers-unaware-of-state-tax-liabilities-related-to-working-remotely.html, https://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/many-taxpayers-could-face-surprise-bill-over-remote-work-misconceptions-study-finds, "Guide to Telework in the Federal Government", "Administrator Doan Issues GSA Telework Challenge", "GovTrack, H.R. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 32. 126. Remote working is increasing as a means of practising social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.Led by business in response to calls from the World Health Organization, it is having a daily impact in helping manage the novel coronavirus. The lowest rates of home-workers were reported in Bulgaria (0.5%), Romania (0.8%), Hungary (1.2%), Cyprus (1.3%), Croatia and Greece (both 1.9%). 35. The political positions of Ron Paul (R-TX), United States presidential candidate in 1988, 2008, and 2012, are generally described as libertarian, but have also been labeled conservative. Ctrip is a large China travel agency. Coworking facilities can range from shared space in formal offices to social areas such as a coffee shop. An article from money.163.com states that the number of telecommuters in the Asia pacific region exceeds region like America, Europe, Middle East and Africa. Which of the following is NOT a general responsibility of the HR manager? A _____ is used to depict the number and percentage of employees of an organization in each job from year to year, with proportions of those who are promoted, demoted, transferred, or who exit the organization. [41][102] The importance of manager communication with teleworkers is made clear in a study that found that individuals have lower job satisfaction when their managers telework.[43]. A telecommuter is also called a "telecommuting specialist", as a designation and in a professional context. Which of the following is an advantage of telecommuting? 18. For example, telework allows employees to better manage their work and family obligations and thus helps retain a more resilient Federal workforce better able to meet agency goals. The concept of work teams holds that employees, not managers, are in the best position to contribute to work performance. A remote office center provides professional grade network access, phone system, security system, mail stop and optional services for additional costs. Unionized organizations recognize seniority. The main disadvantages were (iv) home office constraints, (v) work uncertainties and (vi) inadequate tools. A statement of the different duties, tasks, and responsibilities of a job is known as a job specification. Sharing information requires more effort and proactive action when random-encounters do not happen. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is responsible for ensuring that covered employers comply with the intent of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. 60. 36. Remote office centers (ROCs) are distributed centers for leasing offices to individuals from multiple companies. 39. "[8] On December 9, 2010, the U.S. Federal Government passed the Telework Enhancement Act of 2010[23] in order to improve Continuity of Operations and ensure essential Federal functions are maintained during emergencies; to promote management effectiveness when telework is used to achieve reductions in organizational and transit costs and environmental impacts; and to enhance the work–life balance of workers. The Equal Pay Act prohibits employers from discrimination in pay based on: 64. 86. Executive Order 11246 requires all federal agencies and government contractors to develop affirmative action plans. For instance, teams using computer-mediated communication with computer conferencing take longer to make group decisions than face-to-face groups. 39. b. listen to employees and represent their needs to management. Work design. If a pay disparity between the sexes exists, employers cannot legally lower the wages of one gender to comply with the law. 1. 42. [119] Events in 2007 have pushed telework to the forefront as a critical measurement for the U.S. federal government. A graphical representation of all organizational jobs along with the numbers of employees currently occupying those jobs and future employment requirements is called: 64. In the job characteristics model, feedback refers to the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to an employee. 29. d. It reduces overhead costs and office space of a company. 15. d. reduced traffic congestion. Telecommuting came into prominence in the 1970s to describe work-related substitutions of telecommunication and related information technologies for travel.[4]. 4. 111. 70. That is the 31. About 7 … Which of the following is NOT used to determine whether an accommodation is reasonable? Equal employment opportunity refers to actions required of employers to correct past discrimination against minorities. Human resource planning (HRP) refers to the process of recruitment and selection that caters to the welfare of an organization's existing employees. 112. Additionally, a 1999 study claimed that "70 minutes of each day in a regular office are wasted by interruptions, yakking around the photocopier, and other distractions". 18. However, fewer than 14,000 were teleworking three or more days per week. The degree to which carrying out the work activities required by the job results in the individual being given direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance is known as: 73. A survey conducted by the Human Resource Planning Society revealed that _____ percent of the responding companies believe that their HR group plays an important role in developing human capital. In I. 2. [37] While teleworking, communication is not as immediate or rich as face-to-face interactions. The telecommuters were also more productive and happier. In entrepreneurship, coworking allows creative start-up founders, researchers and knowledge workers to meet and share ideas, collaborate, share new research, and find potential partners. 80. An employee alleging discrimination can sue both the manager (or supervisor) of a company and the company itself because: b. the manager or supervisor functions as an agent of the company. An example is financial planners who meet clients during the client's lunchtime at the client's workplace; even though this is an out-of-the-office, meeting, the Internet enables the planner to present financial planning tools and presentations on their mobile computers. 116. Additionally, the increase in autonomy from teleworking in turn increases job satisfaction. [30] Less feedback when teleworking is associated with lower job engagement. But, it is possible, with the right steps, to do a good job of introducing and maximizing the value of 360-degree feedback.. Homeworkers or home workers are defined by the International Labour Organization as people working from their homes or from other premises of their choosing other than the workplace, for payment, which results of a product or service specified by the employer. Eurofound (2020) Living, working and COVID-19 First findings – April 2020, United States Office of Personnel Management, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients, "How To Stay Productive If You're WFH Because Of The Coronavirus", "Mobile Worker Toolkit: A Notional Guide", "Status of Telework in the Federal Government", "Remote working is here to stay - 2013 Regus Global Economic Indicator", "Homeworking: helping businesses cut costs and reduce their carbon footprint", "Change in remote work trends due to COVID-19 in the United States in 2020", "The Impact Of Telework On Knowledge Creation And Management", "The freedom trap: digital nomads and the use of disciplining practices to manage work/leisure boundaries", "Who's Helping Homeshore Workers? 66. Telecommuting is a new work situation with a flexible structure that makes it different from traditional work environments. 123. _____ is a field of study concerned with analyzing work methods and establishing time standards. [34] Feedback and communication can also be affected by a manager's location. 45. 32. To comply with the Immigration Reform and Control Act, employers must submit all completed Form I-9s to Immigration and Naturalization Service officers for approval. [137] Not all workers have the chance to telecommute. In the 7-S framework analysis, the "Hard S" category includes systems and processes which: c. include formal and informal procedures that govern the every day activities of a firm. [22] In January 2012, Reuters, drawing from an Ipsos/Reuters poll, predicted that telecommuting was "a trend that has grown and one which looks like it will continue with 34% of connected workers saying they would be very likely to telecommute on a full-time basis if they could. CNBC (2020)Google will reimburse up to $1,000 for employees to buy work-from-home gear. [58] Teleworking may alter traditional work practices,[48] such as switching from primarily face-to-face communication to electronic communication. Which of the following is NOT a problem frequently associated with job descriptions? How job characteristics theory happened. Organizational changes are said to be _____ when external forces have already affected an organization's performance. The bill threatened to withhold money from agencies that failed to provide telecommuting options to all eligible employees. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B.B., (1959). 23. 113. _____ is accomplished by adding more meaningful tasks and duties to make the work more rewarding and satisfying. Increasing the challenge of the job increases the individual's experienced meaningfulness, how much the individual cares about work, and finds it worthwhile. Which of the following is NOT a defense to an alleged Equal Pay Act violation? d. reduce employee appraisals. 40. 81. Reactive changes are strategic changes initiated by managers in response to external forces that have already affected a company's performance. 60. 50. _____ is the process of moving jobs closer to one's home country. [101] In other studies regarding Job Characteristics Theory, job feedback seemed to have the strongest relationship with overall job satisfaction compared to other job characteristics. [75] It can be argued that without a work climate or manager nearby, the ability to motivate oneself is even more important when telecommuting than when working in an office. Teleworkers were found to have higher satisfaction than office based workers. 20. KSAOs refer to the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other attributes required of a person performing a job. 18. Room for mistakes and miscommunication can increase. The job specification section of a job description should include: a. the skills required to perform the job. [65], Telecommuting individuals, or more specifically those in "work from home" arrangements, may find that it improves work–life balance, reduces their carbon footprint and fuel usage, frees up the equivalent of 15 to 25 workdays a year (time they would have otherwise spent commuting), and saves thousands of dollars per year in travel and work-related costs. [citation needed], Although a number of scholars and managers had previously expressed fears that employee careers might suffer and workplace relationships might be damaged because of telecommuting, the meta-analysis found that there are no generally detrimental effects on the quality of workplace relationships and career outcomes. 66. c. improved employee job satisfaction. A statement of the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to perform a job is called a: d. a statement of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job. Remote Control Federal CISOs Dish on Mobility, Telework, and Data Security (2007, Telework Exchange). [124] On July 14, 2010, the House passed the Telework Improvements Act of 2010 (H.R. Job analysis is the process of obtaining information about jobs through a process of determining what the duties, tasks, or activities of those jobs are. Over the last few decades, the educational attainment of the U.S. labor force has: 63. 15. Recently, working conditions have worsened for homeworkers,[citation needed] and they are becoming a point of concern for international development organizations and non-governmental organizations. Taylor, W. C., "At VeriFone, It's a Dog's Life (And they Love it)," Fast Company, 1995, 1 (Premiere Issue), pp. 65. Most job descriptions include a job title, a job identification section, and a job duties section. The procedural document developed by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is the: b. 94. Eds.) Studies show that at-home workers are willing to earn up to 30% less and experience heightened productivity. Entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs often cowork in shared office and workshop facilities provided by business incubators and business accelerator organizations. In 2006, a United States Department of Veterans Affairs employee's stolen laptop represented what was described as "potentially the largest loss of Social Security numbers to date". [43] Role ambiguity, when situations have unclear expectations as to what the worker is to do,[44] may result in greater conflict, frustration, and exhaustion. Siano, M. (1998, March–April). Job sharing is suited to all of the following except: people who need full time work to satisfy all of their obligations From the employer's perspective, telecommuting is advantageous for … Most common software for remote work are for example Microsoft Skype for Business, Microsoft Teams, Zoom and Slack. 40. 5. 1. b. Even if the documents do not Telecommuting is now addressed as 'remote working' and 'future of work'. a. 17. Staffing tables provide data on external labor supply sources. Task identity is the degree that the individual sees work from beginning to end or completes an identifiable or whole piece of work rather than only a small piece. Ctrip saved around 2K from telecommuting. The Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973. 22. 53. If 30 whites are hired, a minimum of how many blacks should be hired to avoid charges of adverse impact? [12] Those teleworkers who experienced greater professional isolation actually had lower turnover intent. Employers and employees each contribute an amount worth 6.2% of the staff member’s earnings, up to a maximum annual amount. Some studies have found that telework increases productivity in workers[107] and leads to higher supervisor ratings of performance and higher performance appraisals. Employment discrimination began in the nineteenth century with the Civil Rights Act of 1866. 35. The _____ paved the way for the formation of many major trade agreements and institutions. Organizations can do a poor job of introducing and using this type of multi-rater feedback process. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 allows employers to set different cut-off test scores on the basis of race and sex during the hiring process. b. GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). 82. B. Weiner (Series Ed.) The article also mentions an experiment done by Nicholas Bloom. According to Job Characteristics Theory, changes in autonomy and feedback influence work behaviors and attitudes more than a change in skill variety, task identity, or task significance. According to one study, children are ranked as the number one distractions, followed by spouses, pets, neighbors, and solicitors. According to Oldham, skill variety is the degree to which a job entails a variety of different activities, which demand the use of a number of different skills and talents by the jobholder. [79], Since work hours are less regulated in telework, employee effort and dedication are far more likely to be measured purely in terms of output or results. Motivator-hygiene theory[49] differentiates between motivating factors (motivators) and dissatisfying factors (hygienes). The teachers’ employers argued the court should focus on their job duties and rule that they fall under the ministerial exception. 3. 90. [citation needed], "Work from home" redirects here. [108] A decrease in productivity due to continual procrastination with a lack of supervision will result to a poor performance in the quality of work of the employee. Using homesourced workers that are local to the area where they are calling precludes the prejudice that is sometimes created from regional accents, mannerisms and rates of speech. A comprehensive training program to prevent discrimination would include all of the following EXCEPT: 110. The _____ has stringent rules requiring the payment of overtime to nonsupervisory employees who work more than forty hours a week. Furthermore, major chunks of per-employee expenses are absorbed by the telecommuter himself - from simple coffee, water, electricity, and telecommunications services, to huge capital expenses like office equipment or software licenses. 30. Telework is a shift in the way business is accomplished which can make a difference overtime. They are more concerned with the occasional work that's taken out of the office by non-teleworkers because they lack the training, tools, and technologies that teleworkers receive. 38. As an example, a recent Australian study revealed that telework enabled by the National Broadband Network is expected to add $8.3 billion to Gross Domestic Product by 2020, creating the equivalent of an additional 25,000 full-time jobs. 46. Software programs, more often than not, actually hinder the job analysis process. It is favored by most workers to combine telecommuting and office work. 61. The Equal Pay Act makes it illegal to discriminate against people in terms of the pay, employee benefits, and pension they earn based on their gender when they do equal work.

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