king of dál riata

The presence of Gaelic in Scotland was seen as the result of either a large-scale migration from Ireland,[37] or a takeover by Irish Gaelic elites. The figure of Columba looms large in any history of Christianity in Dál Riata. There is disagreement over the fate of the kingdom from the late 8th century onwards. The prestige of being associated with the saintly founder was of no small importance. He married Queen Spondana of Dál Riata NLN in 0687, in Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom. [42] That same year the Cenél Conaill defeated Congal Cáech at the battle of Dún Ceithirn. In the following century, there may have been a merger of the Dál Riatan and Pictish crowns. Lesser centres included Dun Ollaigh, seat of the Cenél Loairn kings, and Dunaverty, at the southern end of Kintyre, in the lands of the Cenél nGabráin. In a.d. 575, at the Convention of Druim Cett, the king of the Scottish Dál Riata surrendered his rights to military service on land from the Irish Dál Riata but retained the rights to their tribute and ship service. (170:1). Selbach may have tried to restore his son to power, and fought against Eochaid's supporters at Irros Foichnae in 727, but without apparent success. Some scholars have seen no revival of Dál Riatan power after the long period of foreign domination (c. 637 to c. 750–760), while others have seen a revival under Áed Find (736–778). In AD 719 the two opposing groups of Dál Riatans fought a sea battle. In fact, it lists the three (actually four) thirds of the Cenél Loairn as the Cenél Shalaig (or Cenél Fergusa Shalaig), Cenél Cathbath, Cenél nEchdach and Cenél Muiredaig. 96. Many entries which appear to refer to Dál Riata lack context, many persons named lack patronyms or other identifying bynames. Taylor, Simon, "Place names" in Lynch (2001). Genealogy profile for Eochaid Muinremuir mac Oengus, Rí na Dál Riata ... Notes for Eochaid Muinremar King Of Dalriada . The novel was adapted by Jeremy Brock into the film The Eagle (2011). Whether the two parts of Dál Riata had long been united, or whether a conquest in the 4th century or early 5th century, either of Antrim from Argyll, or vice versa, in line with myth,[incomprehensible] is not known. However Dál Riata came to be, the time in which it arose was one of great instability in Ulster, following the Ulaid's loss of territory (including the ancient centre of Emain Macha) to the Airgíalla and the Uí Néill. When King Eochaid I of Dál Riata was born in 0660, in Argyll, Scotland, his father, King Domangart II of Dál Riata, was 30 and his mother, Queen Redwalda of Dál Riata, was 30. Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Church institutions: early medieval" in Lynch (2001). When Alpin MacEochaid King of Dál Riata was born on 12 July 0778, in Argyll, Scotland, his father, Archaias King of Dal Rata (Scotland) Macalpin, was 30 and his mother, Queen Fergusa of Dál Riata, was 23. Finn mac Máel Mórda . [26] This evidence of a non-Gaelic language is supported by a sprinkling of P-Celtic placenames on the remote mainland opposite the island. Gaelic overkingdom that included parts of western Scotland and northeastern Ulster in Ireland, "Dalriada" redirects here. Another kindred, Cenél Báetáin of Morvern (later Clan MacInnes), branched off from Cenél Loairn about the same time that Cenél Comgaill separated from its parent kindred. Pastoralism was especially important, and transhumance (the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures) was the practice in many places. [49], The after-effect of the Battle of Moira (Mag Rath) in regards to Scottish Dál Riata appears to have resulted in it becoming tributary to Northumbrian kings, which lasted until the Pictish king Bruide mac Bili defeated Ecgfrith of Northumbria at Dun Nechtain in 685. He was married to Fergina, a possible daughter of Constantine, king of the Picts, and by her had Eochaid II. Their origin legends claim that Fergus Mór came to Argyll c. a.d. 500. [60], Alex Woolf has suggested that there occurred a formal division of Dál Riata between the Norse-Gaelic Uí Ímair and the natives, like those divisions that took place elsewhere in Ireland and Britain, with the Norse controlling most of the islands, and the Gaels controlling the Scottish coast and the more southerly islands. Monasteries represented a source of wealth as well as prestige. This defeat was then attributed as divine retribution for Domnall Brecc turning his back on his prior alliance. No king in Dál Riata of that name is recorded in the Irish annals in the early 730s. Fine Hiberno-Saxon metalwork such as penannular brooches is believed to have been created at Dunadd. A feature length fantasy film previously named Dalriata's King, later named The Gaelic King was made in Scotland, with a story based loosely on the first king of the Scots. A Pictish king named Alpín, whose father's name is not given in any Irish sources, or even from the Pictish Chronicle king-lists, is known from the late 720s, when he was defeated by Óengus mac Fergusa and Nechtan mac Der-Ilei. Markus, Fr. Birth bef 426. The area, until lately, was notable for its inshore fisheries, and for plentiful shellfish, therefore seafood is likely to have been an important part of the diet. Some sources say Cináed mac Ailpín (Kenneth MacAlpin) was king of Dál Riata before becoming king of the Picts in 843, following a disastrous defeat of the Picts by Vikings. Fiachra Cathmail mac Echach, King of Dál Riata (c.175 - 252) - Genealogy This tree has been isolated from other trees on Geni: Tree is fictional Geni does not allow isolated trees to be merged into the World Family Tree, or other trees. He died in 0502, at the age of 90, and was buried in Ireland. Bede offers a different, and probably older, account wherein Dál Riata was conquered by Irish Gaels led by a certain Reuda. The Morvern district was formerly known as Kinelvadon, after the Cenél Báetáin. It famously notes Columba's need for a translator when conversing with an individual on Skye. [1] It was during the 8th-century, the rival Dál nAraidi had overrun Irish Dál Riata,[2] though the area retained its name well into the 14th-century. [36], The version of history in the Duan Albanach was long accepted, although it is preceded by the purely fictional tale of Albanus and Brutus conquering Britain. These reigns cannot be 100% confirmed as true but most likely were the reigns of these kings, the list begins with Sen-chormac, possibly king. Broun, Dauvit, "Pictish Kings 761–839: Integration with Dál Riata or Separate Development" in Sally M. Foster (ed.). [47] Domnall Brecc's policy appears to have died with him in 642, at his final, and fatal, defeat by Eugein map Beli of Strathclyde at Strathcarron, for as late as the 730s, armies and fleets from Dál Riata fought alongside the Uí Néill. Latin sources often referred to the inhabitants of Dál Riata as Scots (Scoti), a name originally used by Roman and Greek writers for the Irish Gaels who raided and colonized Roman Britain. [9], As was normal at the time, subsistence farming was the occupation of most people. At the earliest start date, 769 with the Charlemagne DLC, they are an Irish Catholic independent petty kingdom ruled by Áed Find, comprising the Hebrides and Argyll. [citation needed], For other arts, a number of sculptures remain to give an impression of Dál Riatan work. They were the parents of at least 4 sons. Continuation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History (trans. He was apparently followed by the last named king of Dál Riata Áed mac Boanta, who was killed in the great Pictish defeat of 839 at the hands of the Vikings. En Écosse, il correspond à l… In the 730s the Pictish king Óengus I led campaigns against Dál Riata and brought it under Pictish overlordship by 741. [39] Campbell suggests that Argyll and Antrim formed a "maritime province", united by the sea and isolated from the rest of Scotland by the mountainous ridge called the Druim Alban. It has been suggested that Fiachnae mac Báetáin (died 626), Dál nAraidi over-king of Ulaid, was overlord of both parts of Dál Riata. This page was last edited on 7 March 2021, at 23:12. [22] Currachs were probably the most common seagoing craft, and on inland waters dugouts and coracles were used. Father Erc King of Dál Riata (~400-474) Mother Mist. List of kings. [53] At his death in 778 Áed Find is called "king of Dál Riata", as is his brother Fergus mac Echdach in 781. Fergus I (Scottish Gaelic: Fergus Mòr Mac Earca) was king of Scottish Dál Riata from about 500 until 501. Large timber ships, called "long ships", perhaps similar to the Viking ships of the same name, are attested to in a variety of sources. In the Lost Girl television series, the pub where the Light Fae and the Dark Fae mingle is called the Dal Riata; named after the ancient kingdom. [28], If Iona was the greatest religious centre in Dál Riata, it was far from unique. Domangart mac Domnaill (died 673) was a king in Dál Riata (modern western Scotland) and the son of Domnall Brecc. He had at least 4 sons with Unuistic Queen of Dál Riata. During his reign Dál Riata's power and influence grew; it carried out naval expeditions to Orkney and the Isle of Man, and assaults on the Brittonic kingdom of Strathclyde and Anglian kingdom of Bernicia. In Jules Watson's Dalriada Trilogy (2006–2008), three centuries are chronicled during the time of the Roman Invasion of Britain. Gilbert, O.P., "Conversion to Christianity" in Lynch (2001). Dál Riata or Dál Riada (also Dalriada) (/dælˈriːədə/) was a Gaelic kingdom that encompassed the western seaboard of Scotland and the north-eastern corner of Ireland, on each side of the North Channel. Loth was also persuaded to marry Ann-Morgause, daughter to Gorlois and Igraine, step-daughter to the Pendragon and elder half-sister to King … The St. Martin's Cross on Iona is the best-preserved high cross, probably inspired by Northumbrian free-standing crosses, such as the Ruthwell Cross, although a similar cross exists in Ireland (Ahenny, County Tipperary). They were the parents of at least 13 sons. Some entries have been amended and expanded at a later time. Eochaid came to power as king of Dál Riata in 726, presumably deposing Dúngal mac Selbaich. Achaius IV, King of Dalraida died in 827. Earc: his son; king of Dalriada. This, and the difficulty of overland travel, meant that travel by sea was the easiest means of moving any distance. [35] The story of Dál Riata moves from foundation myth to something nearer to history with the reports of the death of Comgall mac Domangairt around 540 and of his brother Gabrán around 560. See Bannerman, "Scottish Takeover", pp. Dál, from Proto-Celtic *dālom, means 'portion' or 'share' (as in 'a portion of land'); Riata or Riada is believed to be a personal name. Irish annals such as the Annals of Ulster and the Annals of Innisfallenname Kenneth's father as one Alpín. Báetán mac Cairill of the Ulaid is said to force the king of Dál Riata to pay homage to him at Rinn Seimne on Islandmagee, near Larne in modern County Antrim. It was released to home media in 2017. However, King Æthelfrith of Bernicia checked its growth at the Battle of Degsastan in 603. Dál Riata was divided into a number of kingroups or dynasties, called cenéla, of which was the Cenél nGabráin of Kintyre, who claimed descent from Gabrán mac Domangairt, and the Cenél Loairn, who claimed descent from Loarn mac Eirc. There is no reason to suppose that this is a complete or accurate list. It is not clear whether he was over-king of Dál Riata or king of the Cenél nGabráin. Under the House of Alpin, Dál Riata and Pictland merged to form the Kingdom of Alba or Scotland. Although the monastery of Iona belonged to the Cenél Conaill of the Northern Uí Néill, and not to Dál Riata, it had close ties to the Cenél nGabráin, ties which may make the annals less than entirely impartial. [38] This allowed a shared language to be maintained through the centuries; Argyll remained Gaelic-speaking while the rest of Scotland was either Pictish or Brittonic-speaking. Eochy Mun-reamhar: his son; king of Dalriada. Oxford Companion to Scottish History p. 161–162, edited by Michael Lynch, Oxford University Press. [42], Dál Riata remained allied with the Northern Uí Néill until the reign of Domnall Brecc, who was persuaded by the king of Dál nAraidi, Congal Cáech, to renounce this alliance. [2] The hillfort of Dunadd is believed to have been its capital. [2][3]. Forsyth, Katherine, "Origins: Scotland to 1100" in Jenny Wormald (ed.). 94–95. [52] The annals make it clear that the Cenél Gabraín lost any earlier monopoly of royal power in the late 7th century and in the 8th, when Cenél Loairn kings such as Ferchar Fota, his son Selbach, and grandsons Dúngal and Muiredach are found contesting for the kingship of Dál Riata. [38] This view of the medieval accounts is shared by other historians.[38]. [40] Ultimately, the Dál Riata, according to the earliest genealogies, are descendants of Deda mac Sin, a prehistoric king or deity of the Érainn. It has been partly excavated, and weapons, quern-stones and many moulds for the manufacture of jewellery were found in addition to fortifications. Dál Riata or Dál Riada (also Dalriada) (/dælˈriːədə/) was a Gaelic kingdom that encompassed the western seaboard of Scotland and the north-eastern corner of Ireland, on each side of the North Channel. Eochaid passed away in 629, at age 46 at death place. Fernán González, count of Castile. Alpín father of King Kenneth: Medieval invention The Dál Riata originated in northern Ireland. Tiree was famed in later times for its oats and barley, while smaller, uninhabited islands were used to keep sheep. [5] They are referred to herein as Gaels or as Dál Riatans.[6]. Ó Corráin, Donnchadh, "Vikings in Ireland and Scotland in the ninth century" in. Dál Riata had a strong seafaring culture and a large naval fleet. In Ireland, it took in the northeast of County Antrim, roughly corresponding to the baronies of Cary and Glenarm. Dál Riata is said to have been founded by the legendary king Fergus Mór ( Fergus the Great ) in the 5th century. Most people today live in settlements far larger than anything known in early times, while some areas, such as Kilmartin, and many of the islands, such as Islay and Tiree, may well have had as many inhabitants as they do today. Most kings of Dál Riata, along with later rulers of Alba and of Scotland, traced their descent from Fergus Mór mac Eirc, and even in the 16th century, James VI of Scotland called himself the "happie monarch sprung of Ferguse race". After a period of expansion, Dál Riata eventually became associated with the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba. It was during the 8th-century, the rival Dál nAraidi had overrun Irish Dál Riata, though the area retained its name well into the 14th-century. From 795 onward there were sporadic Viking raids in Dál Riata. Fiachnae campaigned against the Northumbrians, and besieged Bamburgh, and the Dál Riatans are thought to have fought in this campaign. The Dál Riatans may have fought off Erc was king of Irish Dál Riata until 474. Dalriada is the name of a Hungarian folk metal band: Dalriada. Other royal forts included Dunollie, Dunaverty and Dunseverick. 76–77. Death 501, Argyll, Scotland. He is sometimes referred to as the Father of Scotland, and was sometimes traditionally (and erroneously) considered to be the first King of Scots, a role usually traditionally … Some areas, most notably Islay, were especially fertile, and good grazing would have been available all year round, just as it was in Ireland. Broun, Dauvit, "Dál Riata" in Lynch (2001). Fergus, lord of Galloway. Adomnán's Life of St Columba implies a Christian Dál Riata. In Argyll, it consisted of four main kindreds, each with their own chief: Cenél nGabráin (based in Kintyre), Cenél nÓengusa (based on Islay), Cenél Loairn (who gave their name to the district of Lorn)[2] and Cenél Comgaill (who gave their name to Cowal). 94. It had an organized system for manning the fleet. It is suggested to have been an achievement that Dál Riata itself survived this battle. He was the father of three sons: Fergus Mór, Loarn and Oengus. Áedán appears to have been very successful in extending his power, until he faced the Bernician king Æthelfrith at Degsastan c. 603. Broun, ""Dál Riata", notes that the Senchus treats the Cenél Loairn differently. Áedán died c. 608 aged about 70. Dál Riata s'étend sur les deux rives du canal du Nord et comprend une partie de l'ouest de l'Écosse et du nord-est de Irlande. Notes "Fergus Mor Mac Earca" or Fergus the Great "Crossed from Dalrieda in Ireland over into Scotland in the year 496, and became the first king of the Dalriad Scots, 496-499. Adomnán's Life, although useful as a record, was not intended to serve as history, but rather as hagiography. A sculpted slab at Ardchattan appears to show strong Pictish influences, while the Dupplin Cross, it has been argued, shows that influences also moved in the opposite direction. [63][64], Dál Riata is a playable nation in Paradox Interactive's 4X video game Crusader Kings II. . [31], The illuminated manuscript Book of Kells was probably at least begun at Iona, although not by Columba as legend has it, as it dates from about 800 (it may have been commissioned to mark the bicentennial of Columba's death in 597). See Cumméne's "Life of Columba" quoted in Sharpe's edition of Adomnán, Book III, Chapter 5, and notes 360, 362. He married Fergusia of the Picts, daughter of Hungus (Fergus), King of the Picts & Dalriada and (Miss) FitzFeredach. Aeden was born in 550, in Dalraidia, Argyle, Scotland. Eochaid married Domnach of the Riata (born Picts). He first instituted the office of the King's Advocate. virtus): his son; king of Dalriada. [27], Columba's founding Iona within the bounds of Dál Riata ensured that the kingdom would be of great importance in the spread of Christianity in northern Britain, not only to Pictland, but also to Northumbria, via Lindisfarne, to Mercia, and beyond. Sharpe, Richard, "The thriving of Dalriada" in Simon Taylor (ed.). He persuaded Loth, a Pictish King, to league with Uther Pendragon, King of the Britons against the Anglo-Saxons in 502. Dál Riata ou Dál Riada (également Dalriada) (/dælˈriːədə/) est un royaume gaël comprenant une partie du nord-est de l'Irlande et de l'ouest de l'Écosse de chaque côté du Canal du Nord. Columba, who was also a Cenél Conaill prince, negotiated an alliance between Dál Riata and the Cenél Conaill, who were the ruling dynasty of the Northern Uí Néill, in 575 at the Convention of Druimm Cete near Limavady. [44] By the 10th-century, the Irish lands of Dál Riata were under the control of the Uí Tuirtri, and their clients, the Fir Lí. Áedán mac Gabráin (pronounced [ˈaiðaːn mak ˈɡavɾaːnʲ] in Old Irish; Irish: Aodhán mac Gabhráin), also written as Aedan, was a king of Dál Riata from c. 574 until c. 609 AD. Fernando Vermúdez, count of Cea. An important early centre, Armoy later declined, overshadowed by the monasteries at Movilla (Newtownards) and Bangor. In the case of Dál Riata, this was to be known as the kingdom of the Sudreys, traditionally founded by Ketil Flatnose (Caitill Find in Gaelic) in the middle of the 9th century. Even the physical landscape is not entirely as it was: sea-levels have changed, and the combination of erosion and silting will have considerably altered the shape of the coast in some places, while the natural accumulation of peat and man-made changes from peat-cutting have altered inland landscapes. Misc. He married Queen Fergina of Dál Riata in 0744, in Argyll, Scotland. The King Áedán mac Gabráin, who ruled Dál Riata c AD 574–608, would have been well known to Columba and the monks on Iona. It is not until the middle of the 6th century that Irish annals plausibly report the deaths of kings of Dál Riata, with the death of Comgall mac Domangairt, c. 538–545, and of his brother Gabrán, c. 558–560. The kingdom of Dál Riata was situated in modern Argyll and Bute, Scotland, and parts of County Antrim, Ireland. In Rosemary Sutcliff's 1965 novel The Mark of the Horse Lord, the Dál Riada undergo an internal struggle for control of royal succession, and an external conflict to defend their frontiers against the Caledones. Æthelfrith's brother was among the dead, but Áedán was defeated, and the Bernician kings continued their advances in southern Scotland. As well as long distance trade, local trade must also have been significant. Loarn: his son; and the last king of Dalriada. [15] The Cenél Loairn may have been the largest of the "three kindreds", as the Senchus reports it being divided further into Cenél Shalaig, Cenél Cathbath, Cenél nEchdach, Cenél Murerdaig. For the neighbouring Irish kingdom sometimes called Dalaradia, see, Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Philosopher King: Nechtan mac Der Ilei," SHR 83 (2004): 135–149. Suin Mac Rosin, King of Dál Riata There are many disagreements among sources. Since it has been thought that Dál Riata swallowed Pictland to create the Kingdom of Alba, the later history of Dál Riata has tended to be seen as a prelude to future triumphs. Fernando. Sellar, W.D.H., "Gaelic laws and institutions" in Lynch (2001). Many of the small settlements have now disappeared, so that the countryside is far emptier than was formerly the case, and many areas that were formerly farmed are now abandoned. ), This page was last edited on 15 March 2021, at 06:45. [21] It was an archipelago with many islands and peninsulas. This may take place in 574 or early 575, making the king in question Áedán mac Gabráin. This is a List of the kings of Dál Riata, a kingdom of Irish origin which was located in Scotland and Ireland. Fiangalach mac Flainn Rodba. After Fergus the history of Dál Riata is very uncertai… Gilbert, O.P., "Iona: monks, pastors and missionaries" in Broun & Clancy (1999). [16] The meaning of Airgíalla 'hostage givers' adds to the uncertainty, although it must be observed that only one grouping in Ireland was apparently given this name and it is therefore very rare, perhaps supporting the Ui Macc Uais hypothesis. Confusion arises from the latter's matronym, Macc Ercae, said to come from his legendary mother Erca, daughter of Loarn mac Eirc. [17], Four sites in Dál Riata may have had royal associations: Dunadd, Dunollie, Dunaverty and Tarbert. Some sources say that Cináed was king of Dál Riata for two years before this. 97. Iona was a centre of learning and produced many important manuscripts. They were the parents of at least 21 sons and 6 daughters. [18] Among them, Dunadd appears to have been the most important. He married Queen Redwalda of Dál Riata in 0652. Ulster sources also say that Báetán collects tribute from Scotland. He was the son of Eochaid III of Dalriada, king of Dál Riada, and his wife, Spondan. Houses were grouped into twenties for the purpose of naval recruitment, with each group having to provide a quota of 28 oarsmen. Woolf, "Ungus (Onuist), son of Uurguist. Gilbert, O.P., "Religious life: early medieval" in Lynch (2001). [1] After a period of expansion, Dál Riata eventually became associated with the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba. In his academic paper Were the Scots Irish?, archaeologist Dr Ewan Campbell says that there is no archaeological or placename evidence of a migration or takeover. It is not until the middle of the 6th century that Irish annals plausibly report the deaths of kings of Dál Riata, with the death of Comgall mac Domangairt, c. 538–545, and of his brother Gabrán, c. 558–560. The Kildalton Cross on Islay is similar. See the discussion in Broun, "Pictish Kings", where another theory is advanced. Additionally, the learning and literacy found in monasteries served as useful tools for ambitious kings. Later, it came to refer to Gaels, whether from Ireland or elsewhere. Woolf, Alex, "Nobility: early medieval" in Lynch (2001). ", Broun, "Pictish Kings", passim; Clancy, "Caustantín son of Fergus (Uurguist).". When King Domangart II of Dál Riata was born about 0630, in Dunadd, Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom, his father, King Domnall Brecc mac Eocho Bude of Dál Riata, was 30 and his mother, Queen Buithina of The Picts NLN, was 30. [41] What is certain is that both parties had the Dál nAraidi as a common foe.[42]. They had one son: Alpin MacEchdach King of Scotland. Old Irish dál means 'portion' or 'share', and is usually followed by the name of an eponymous founder. Some even claim that the Dál Riata usurped the kingship of Fortriu. It is thought that the original king-lists from which the High Medieval accounts were derived ended with Fergus. Whether this means that the tributary relationship had not ended in 685, or if Eadberht sought only to prevent the growth of Pictish power, is unclear.[51]. "The thriving of Dalriada", pp. Achaius IV, King of Dalraida Called "the Poisonous". Lismore, in the territory of the Cenél Loairn, was sufficiently important for the death of its abbots to be recorded with some frequency. [38] This lack of archaeological evidence was previously noted by Professor Leslie Alcock. [20], Dál Riata had a strong seafaring culture. [55] A number of kings are named in the Duan Albanach, and in royal genealogies, but these are rather less reliable than we might wish. Within Dál Riata was the important monastery of Iona, which played a key role in the spread of Celtic Christianity throughout northern Britain, and in the development of insular art. [30], As well as their primary spiritual importance, the political significance of religious centres cannot be dismissed. Sharpe, Richard, "The thriving of Dalriada" in Simon Taylor (ed. After a third campaign by Óengus in 741, Dál Riata then disappears from the Irish records for a generation. See, for example, Broun, "Dál Riata"; for the evidence of place-names as an indicator of Ionan influence, see Taylor, "Iona abbots". [44] In an attempt to have himself installed as High King of Ireland, Congal made alliances with Dál Riata and Strathclyde, which resulted in the disastrous Battle of Magh Rath in 637, which saw Congal slain by High King Domnall mac Áedo of the Northern Uí Néill and resulted in Irish Dál Riata losing possession of its Scottish lands.

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